Как мне записать загрузчик?
Загрузчик — это небольшая программа, которая (почти) всегда работает на Arduino. Он управляет загрузкой и запуском эскизов, которые вы делаете, и мигает светодиодом штыря 13 при каждой перезагрузке платы.
Чтобы записать загрузчик:
- Получите провайдера AVR , USBtinyISP , ParallelProgrammer или другую плату Arduino . Это будет ваш провайдер.
- Если не указано иное, подключите ISP к контактам ICSP на вашей плате.
- Подайте питание на плату с помощью USB-кабеля или внешнего источника питания.
- Откройте Arduino IDE.
- Убедитесь, что вы выбрали правильную доску, на которой вы прожигаете Tools ► Board ► в IDE. Дважды проверьте это, даже если вы могли бы загружать программы правильно; загрузка не всегда требует правильной доски.
- Выберите соответствующий программист в Tools ► Programmer ► .
- Нажмите Tools ► Burn Bootloader и подождите. Это не должно занять больше минуты, и часто занимает всего несколько секунд.
- http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Bootloader
- http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment
На данный момент AVRISP в значительной степени EOL (конец срока службы). Как минимум, вы хотите AVRISPmk2. Есть также много других, более интересных инструментов (например, AVR One!). Вы, вероятно, должны просто сказать
На таких платах, как Arduino Yun, каждый раз, когда вы «загружаете через wifi», вы сжигаете загрузчик, объединенный с вашим эскизом. Это благодаря тому, что процессор Linux подключен к AVR MCU через SPI, так что вы можете имитировать интернет-провайдера с помощью программного обеспечения.
@FedericoFissore — вот почему так долго?
Да, это и тот факт, что GPIO bitbanging медленнее. Прилагаются постоянные усилия для его ускорения.
Что такое загрузчик?
А что именно является загрузчиком?
Загрузчик представляет собой небольшой фрагмент кода, находящийся в «верхней» части памяти программы. Обычно он не стирается при загрузке новых эскизов. Его назначение активировать сразу после сброса (предохранители настроены на запуск кода по адресу загрузчика, а не по адресу 0x0000). Загрузчик будет ждать короткое время (например, одну секунду), чтобы увидеть, поступают ли данные «программирования» на последовательный порт.
- Если это так, он читает эти данные и декодирует их, чтобы перепрограммировать оставшуюся часть флэш-памяти. Работая вместе с программой загрузки (обычно avrdude), новый эскиз отправляется через последовательный порт. Загрузчик стирает страницы флэш-памяти и заменяет их новым кодом. После этого он выполняет новый код.
- Если инструкции не поступают, загрузчик переходит на адрес 0x0000, чтобы выполнить существующий эскиз на плате.
Как заменить загрузчик
Альтернативный метод программирования загрузчика — использовать набросок, который я недавно написал, который работает на:
- Uno (или аналогичный, такой как Duemilanove)
- Leonardo
- Mega2560
«Программная» плата запускает эскиз, в котором есть загрузчики для нескольких плат, жестко запрограммированных в нем. Вы подключаете плату программирования к целевой плате (плате, требующей загрузчик) с помощью 6 соединительных проводов, как показано на рисунке.
Эта конкретная фотография иллюстрирует, как один Uno программирует другой.
Вы запускаете эскиз (используя последовательный монитор, чтобы дать ему команды). Сначала он идентифицирует целевой чип:
Atmega chip programmer. Written by Nick Gammon. Entered programming mode OK. Signature = 0x1E 0x95 0x0F Processor = ATmega328P Flash memory size = 32768 bytes. LFuse = 0xFF HFuse = 0xDE EFuse = 0xFD Lock byte = 0xCF Bootloader address = 0x7E00 Bootloader length = 512 bytes. Type 'L' to use Lilypad (8 MHz) loader, or 'U' for Uno (16 MHz) loader . Type 'G' to program the chip with the bootloader .
Вы нажимаете G, чтобы запрограммировать его.
Erasing chip . Writing bootloader . Committing page starting at 0x7E00 Committing page starting at 0x7E80 Committing page starting at 0x7F00 Committing page starting at 0x7F80 Written. Verifying . No errors found. Writing fuses . LFuse = 0xFF HFuse = 0xDE EFuse = 0xFD Lock byte = 0xCF Done. Type 'C' when ready to continue with another chip .
Для Уно это занимает одну секунду. Для программирования Mega2560 требуется 3 секунды.
Arduino Nano

The classic Arduino Nano is the smallest board to build your projects with.
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Overview
The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.
Related Boards
If you are looking for a Nano board with similar functionality but also provide additional features, check:
Getting Started
Find inspiration for your projects with the Nano board from our tutorial platform Project Hub.
You can find in the Getting Started with Arduino Nano section all the information you need to configure your board, use the Arduino Software (IDE), and start tinkering with coding and electronics.
From the Tutorials section you can find examples from libraries and built-in sketches as well other useful information to expand your knowledge of the Arduino hardware and software.
Need Help?
Check the Arduino Forum for questions about the Arduino Language, or how to make your own Projects with Arduino. Need any help with your board please get in touch with the official Arduino User Support as explained in our Contact Us page.
Warranty
You can find here your board warranty information.
Tech specs
| Microcontroller | ATmega328 |
| Architecture | AVR |
| Operating Voltage | 5 V |
| Flash Memory | 32 KB of which 2 KB used by bootloader |
| SRAM | 2 KB |
| Clock Speed | 16 MHz |
| Analog IN Pins | 8 |
| EEPROM | 1 KB |
| DC Current per I/O Pins | 20 mA (I/O Pins) |
| Input Voltage | 7-12V |
| Digital I/O Pins | 22 (6 of which are PWM) |
| PWM Output | 6 |
| Power Consumption | 19 mA |
| PCB Size | 18 x 45 mm |
| Weight | 7 g |
| Product Code | A000005 |
Conformities
The following Declarations of Conformities have been granted for this board:
For any further information about our certifications please visit docs.arduino.cc/certifications
Documentation
OSH: Schematics
The Arduino Nano is open-source hardware! You can build your own board using the following files:
Pinout Diagram

Download the full pinout diagram as PDF here.
Learn more
Get Inspired
FAQs
Power
The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage source.
Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB, (also with 2 KB used for the bootloader. The ATmega328 has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
- Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
- External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.
- LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.
The Nano has 8 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the analogReference() function. Analog pins 6 and 7 cannot be used as digital pins. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
- I2C: A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library (documentation on the Wiring website).
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
- AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
- Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
Communication
The Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels this serial communication over USB and the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino software) provide a virtual com port to software on the computer. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Nano’s digital pins. The ATmega328 also support I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus. To use the SPI communication, please see ATmega328 datasheet.
Programming
The Arduino Nano can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select «Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ ATmega328» from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). The ATmega328 on the Arduino Nano comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol. You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar.
Automatic (Software) Reset
Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Nano is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the FT232RL is connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload. This setup has other implications. When the Nano is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Nano. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.
Arduino Nano Every

Looking for the Nano Every? Check the Arduino Every — Pack solution!
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Overview
The Nano Every is Arduino’s 5V compatible board in the smallest available form factor: 45x18mm!
The Arduino Nano is the preferred board for many projects requiring a small and easy to use microcontroller board. The small footprint and low price, make the Nano Every particularly suited for wearable inventions, low cost robotics, electronic musical instruments, and general use to control smaller parts of a larger projects.
The Arduino Nano Every is an evolution of the traditional Arduino Nano board, but features a lot more powerful processor, the ATMega4809. This will allow you to make larger programs than with the Arduino Uno (it has 50% more program memory), and with a lot more variables (the RAM is 200% bigger).
An Improved Arduino Nano
If you used Arduino Nano in your projects in the past, the Nano Every is a pin-equivalent substitute. Your code will still work, and you will NOT need to re-wire those motors you planned in your original design. The main differences are: a better processor, and a micro-USB connector.
The board comes in two options: with or without headers, allowing you to embed the Nano Every inside any kind of inventions, including wearables. The board comes with tessellated connectors and no components on the B-side. These features allow you to solder the board directly onto your own design, minimizing the height of your whole prototype.
Oh, and did we mention the improved price? Thanks to a revised manufacturing process, the Arduino Nano Every costs a fraction of the original Nano … what are you waiting for? Upgrade now!
Get Many Nanos at Once
If you are in the situation of needing many boards for your classroom, or if you need to present a complex prototype with many functional blocks, there is also the possibility of getting an Arduino Nano Every pack with a discounted pack price, saving on the unit price of each board.
The pack is available in two sizes containing either 3 or 6 boards, without headers. Whether you want to minimize the size of your prototypes or share the joy of electronics with your friends, this is the best option you will find.
Get to Know More
To know more about the history of the Nano Every don’t miss the interview with Dario Pennisi, Arduino’s hardware and firmware development manager, who led the development of this board.
Getting Started
The Getting Started section contains all the information you need to configure your board, use the Arduino Software (IDE), and start tinkering with coding and electronics.
Need Help?
Check the Arduino Forum for questions about the Arduino Language, or how to make your own Projects with Arduino. Need any help with your Nano Every board please get in touch with the official Arduino User Support as explained in our Contact Us page.
Warranty
You can find here your board warranty information.
Tech specs
The Arduino Nano Every is based on the ATMega4809 microcontroller.
| Microcontroller | ATMega4809 (datasheet) |
| Operating Voltage | 5V |
| VIN min-MAX | 7-21V |
| DC Current per I/O Pin | 20 mA |
| DC Current for 3.3V Pin | 50 mA |
| Clock Speed | 20MHz |
| CPU Flash Memory | 48KB (ATMega4809) |
| SRAM | 6KB (ATMega4809) |
| EEPROM | 256byte (ATMega4809) |
| PWM Pins | 5 (D3, D5, D6, D9, D10) |
| UART | 1 |
| SPI | 1 |
| I2C | 1 |
| Analog Input Pins | 8 (ADC 10 bit) |
| Analog Output Pins | Only through PWM (no DAC) |
| External Interrupts | all digital pins |
| LED_BUILTIN | 13 |
| USB | Uses the ATSAMD11D14A (datasheet) |
| Length | 45 mm |
| Width | 18 mm |
| Weight | 5 gr (with headers) |
Nano
The Arduino Nano is Arduino’s classic breadboard friendly designed board with the smallest dimensions. The Arduino Nano comes with pin headers that allow for an easy attachment onto a breadboard and features a Mini-B USB connector.

The classic Nano is the oldest member of the Arduino Nano family boards. It is similar to the Arduino Duemilanove but made for the use of a breadboard and has no dedicated power jack. Successors of the classic Nano are for example the Nano 33 IoT featuring a WiFi module or the Nano 33 BLE Sense featuring Bluetooth® Low Energy and several environment sensors.
I2C Protocol
A communication protocol that can be used to set up communication between two boards.
Tiny footprint
With a length of 45 mm and a width of 18 mm the Nano is Arduino’s smallest board and weighs only 7 grams.
Here you will find the technical specifications for the Arduino® Nano.
| Board | Name | Arduino® Nano |
|---|---|---|
| SKU | A000005 | |
| Microcontroller | ATmega328 | |
| USB connector | Mini-B USB | |
| Pins | Built-in LED Pin | 13 |
| Digital I/O Pins | 14 | |
| Analog input pins | 8 | |
| PWM pins | 6 | |
| Communication | UART | RX/TX |
| I2C | A4 (SDA), A5 (SCL) | |
| SPI | D11 (COPI), D12 (CIPO), D13 (SCK). Use any GPIO for Chip Select (CS). | |
| Power | I/O Voltage | 5V |
| Input voltage (nominal) | 7-12V | |
| DC Current per I/O Pin | 20 mA | |
| Clock speed | Processor | ATmega328 16 MHz |
| Memory | ATmega328P | 2KB SRAM, 32KB Flash, 1KB EEPROM |
| Dimensions | Weight | 7 g |
| Width | 18 mm | |
| Length | 45 mm | |
Software & Cloud
The following software tools allow you to program your board both online and offline.
