border
Универсальное свойство border позволяет одновременно установить толщину, стиль и цвет границы вокруг элемента. Значения могут идти в любом порядке, разделяясь пробелом, браузер сам определит, какое из них соответствует нужному свойству. Для установки границы только на определенных сторонах элемента, воспользуйтесь свойствами border-top , border-bottom , border-left , border-right .
Синтаксис
Значения
Значение border-width определяет толщину границы. Для управления ее видом предоставляется несколько значений border-style . Их названия и результат действия представлен на рис. 1.
Рис.1. Стили рамок
border-color устанавливает цвет границы, значение может быть в любом допустимом для CSS формате.
inherit наследует значение родителя.
HTML5 CSS2.1 IE Cr Op Sa Fx
border
В данном примере вокруг слоя добавляется двойная граница. Результат показан на рис. 2.
Рис. 2. Применение свойства border
Объектная модель
[window.]document.getElementById(» elementID «).style.border
Браузеры
Браузер Internet Explorer до шестой версии включительно при толщине границы 1px отображает dotted как dashed . При толщине 2px и выше значение dotted работает корректно. Эта ошибка исправлена в IE7, но только для всех границ толщиной 1px. Если одна из границ блока имеет толщину 2px и выше, то в IE7 значение dotted превращается в dashed .
Internet Explorer до версии 7.0 включительно не поддерживает значение inherit .
Стиль границы в разных браузерах может несколько различаться при использовании значений groove , ridge , inset или outset .
Gradient Borders in CSS
If you hate the idea of a wrapping element, you could use a pseudo-element, as long as a negative z-index value is OK (it wouldn’t be if there was much nesting going on with parent elements with their own backgrounds).
Here’s a Stephen Shaw example of that, tackling border-radius in the process:
You could even place individual sides as skinny pseudo-element rectangles if you didn’t need all four sides.
But don’t totally forget about border-image , perhaps the most obtuse CSS property of all time. You can use it to get gradient borders even on individual sides:
Using both border-image and border-image-slice is probably the easiest possible syntax for a gradient border, it’s just incompatible with border-radius , unfortunately.
DigitialOcean documents the same approach in another tutorial.
Psst! Create a DigitalOcean account and get $200 in free credit for cloud-based hosting and services.
Comments
RyanIndustries8
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
These are all great solutions, but I really hope in the near future linear-gradient on borders will be a reality. Would really help when making CSS graphics.
Brad Kemper
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
Hey Chris, Yes, it was intended that you could use linear-gradient and border-image together. If you need rounded borders too, you should be able to do that with SVG and border image. I’ve successfully done that before without distorting the corners or anything. Let me know if you want me to post an example.
Chris Coyier
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
I’m sure everyone would enjoy having a demo like that to reference, including me!
Brad Kemper
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
When we were designing how border-image should work (many years ago), the thought was that the image would contain whatever rounded or fancy corners you wanted, and border-radius would only be used as a fallback, not as something that further clipped the corners.
sonya brimecombe
Permalink to comment # January 7, 2019
yep i agree I would of done the same thing as well.
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
Wasn’t working for me on Firefox 64 until I changed the border-image to border-image-source as border-image-slice: 1 was being overridden in the cascade.
Anders Grimsrud
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
Funnily enough, browser support seems to be inconsistent for the last example. When border-image-slice is declared in advance and there’s no value for slice set in the border-image shorthand, as in the example above, Firefox 64 and Safari on iOS 12 uses the default slice value (which is 100%, resulting in border-image: 100%; ) while Chrome 71 and Opera cascades the previously declared value into the shorthand (which gives border-image: 1; ).
Brad Kemper
Permalink to comment # December 28, 2018
Shorthands do normally reset the longhands to their initial values when left out, so I don’t know why Chrome and Opera wouldn’t. The last example seems to be fixed in iOS12 by changing border-image to border-image-source in those two classes.
Permalink to comment # January 1, 2019
Looks much like a Chromium bug in the cascade. Interestingly, Chrome DevTools in both “Styles” and “Computed” tabs displays the value 1 of border-image-slice struck-through, and Computed styles tab shows the value 100% coming from the shorthand declaration as overriding it — as it should be — but the value 1 appears to somehow mysteriously “survive” this overriding. As a side note, I disagree that border-image (as well as its longhand sub-properties) is “obtuse”. It’s arguably the most misunderstood CSS properties of all time, and maybe significantly underrated, especially in combination with SVG images. Some of its abilities like 9-slice scaling and — especially — painting things outside the element’s box (via border-image-outset ) are unique in CSS, and can provide much shorter and cleaner solutions to many cases that otherwise would require hacking around pseudo-elements or even extra markup.
Joe Kotlan (@Jkotlan)
Permalink to comment # December 29, 2018
Not sure about the last two. I’m getting different results in iOS Safari. I’d give it a look.
Permalink to comment # December 29, 2018
Here is a variant with SVG: https://codepen.io/ccprog/pen/BvwbKX?editors=1100 It tries to expose as many specifics to CSS as possible. Note that SVG 2 would allow rx/ry to be defined as CSS properties, but implementation is as yet incomplete. Gradient positioning must also be done in the markup. Border positioning follows SVG rules, which means half the border overflows the box.
George W. Park
Permalink to comment # December 31, 2018
I have a pen showing how you can use background-clip to create rounded gradient borders https://codepen.io/GeorgePark/pen/EEGJEj
Permalink to comment # January 1, 2019
Thanks for writing this! I used the first option recently when a student wanted to have a gradient border animated.
Worked out pretty well: https://codepen.io/jupago/ Did not know about border-image-slice. Might also be fun to try clip-path. That 24ways article on Clip Paths got me wondering if that will eventually be the the next best thing. https://24ways.org/2018/clip-paths-know-no-bounds/
Permalink to comment # January 1, 2019
Been playing around with the Stephen Shaw’s ::before border. I tried applying it to one of my working projects and it seems that if you apply any sort of transform to the base element, then the pseudo element overrides the background color/image of the base element. I don’t know any way to make this work together with transform, just something to keep in mind, and a challenge to find a workaround.
Alex Overbeck
Permalink to comment # April 19, 2019
I was able to come up with a pretty simple, single element, solution to this using multiple backgrounds and the background-origin property.
.wrapper < background: linear-gradient(#222, #222), linear-gradient(to right, red, purple); background-origin: padding-box, border-box; background-repeat: no-repeat; /* this is important */ border: 5px solid transparent; >
The nice things about this approach are:
1. It isn’t affected by z-index
2. It can scale easily by just changing the width of the transparent border Check it out: https://codepen.io/AlexOverbeck/pen/axGQyv?editors=1100
Chris Coyier
Permalink to comment # January 31, 2022
From reader Fabian Michael:
Hi, I found another solution to the problem, based on the good old 9-slice scaling technique. The CSS is rather extensive, but it does not need any extra SVG elements in your document or any additional elements nesting and might be interesting for some of you:
Geoff Graham
Permalink to comment # November 21, 2022
Another one from reader Blaz Kemperle:
I needed a responsive button with border-gradient and radius and transparent background, and after the developers “it can’t be done” I coded it by myself.
CSS Borders
The CSS border properties allow you to specify the style, width, and color of an element’s border.
I have borders on all sides.
I have a red bottom border.
I have rounded borders.
I have a blue left border.
CSS Border Style
The border-style property specifies what kind of border to display.
The following values are allowed:
- dotted — Defines a dotted border
- dashed — Defines a dashed border
- solid — Defines a solid border
- double — Defines a double border
- groove — Defines a 3D grooved border. The effect depends on the border-color value
- ridge — Defines a 3D ridged border. The effect depends on the border-color value
- inset — Defines a 3D inset border. The effect depends on the border-color value
- outset — Defines a 3D outset border. The effect depends on the border-color value
- none — Defines no border
- hidden — Defines a hidden border
The border-style property can have from one to four values (for the top border, right border, bottom border, and the left border).
Example
Demonstration of the different border styles:
p.dotted
p.dashed
p.solid
p.double
p.groove
p.ridge
p.inset
p.outset
p.none
p.hidden
p.mix
A dotted border.
A dashed border.
A double border.
A groove border. The effect depends on the border-color value.
A ridge border. The effect depends on the border-color value.
An inset border. The effect depends on the border-color value.
An outset border. The effect depends on the border-color value.
A hidden border.
Note: None of the OTHER CSS border properties (which you will learn more about in the next chapters) will have ANY effect unless the border-style property is set!
border
The border shorthand CSS property sets an element’s border. It sets the values of border-width , border-style , and border-color .
Try it
Constituent properties
This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:
Syntax
/* style */ border: solid; /* width | style */ border: 2px dotted; /* style | color */ border: outset #f33; /* width | style | color */ border: medium dashed green; /* Global values */ border: inherit; border: initial; border: revert; border: revert-layer; border: unset;
The border property may be specified using one, two, or three of the values listed below. The order of the values does not matter.
Note: The border will be invisible if its style is not defined. This is because the style defaults to none .
Values
Sets the thickness of the border. Defaults to medium if absent. See border-width .
Sets the style of the border. Defaults to none if absent. See border-style .
Sets the color of the border. Defaults to currentcolor if absent. See border-color .
Description
As with all shorthand properties, any omitted sub-values will be set to their initial value. Importantly, border cannot be used to specify a custom value for border-image , but instead sets it to its initial value, i.e., none .
The border shorthand is especially useful when you want all four borders to be the same. To make them different from each other, however, you can use the longhand border-width , border-style , and border-color properties, which accept different values for each side. Alternatively, you can target one border at a time with the physical (e.g., border-top ) and logical (e.g., border-block-start ) border properties.
Borders vs. outlines
Borders and outlines are very similar. However, outlines differ from borders in the following ways:
- Outlines never take up space, as they are drawn outside of an element’s content.
- According to the spec, outlines don’t have to be rectangular, although they usually are.
Formal definition
- border-width : as each of the properties of the shorthand:
- border-top-width : medium
- border-right-width : medium
- border-bottom-width : medium
- border-left-width : medium
- border-top-style : none
- border-right-style : none
- border-bottom-style : none
- border-left-style : none
- border-top-color : currentcolor
- border-right-color : currentcolor
- border-bottom-color : currentcolor
- border-left-color : currentcolor
- border-width : as each of the properties of the shorthand:
- border-bottom-width : the absolute length or 0 if border-bottom-style is none or hidden
- border-left-width : the absolute length or 0 if border-left-style is none or hidden
- border-right-width : the absolute length or 0 if border-right-style is none or hidden
- border-top-width : the absolute length or 0 if border-top-style is none or hidden
- border-bottom-style : as specified
- border-left-style : as specified
- border-right-style : as specified
- border-top-style : as specified
- border-bottom-color : computed color
- border-left-color : computed color
- border-right-color : computed color
- border-top-color : computed color
- border-color : as each of the properties of the shorthand:
- border-bottom-color : a color
- border-left-color : a color
- border-right-color : a color
- border-top-color : a color
- border-bottom-width : a length
- border-left-width : a length
- border-right-width : a length
- border-top-width : a length
Formal syntax
border =
||
||
=
|
thin |
medium |
thick
=
none |
hidden |
dotted |
dashed |
solid |
double |
groove |
ridge |
inset |
outset
Examples
Setting a pink outset border
HTML
div>I have a border, an outline, and a box shadow! Amazing, isn't it?div>
CSS
div border: 0.5rem outset pink; outline: 0.5rem solid khaki; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2rem skyblue; border-radius: 12px; font: bold 1rem sans-serif; margin: 2rem; padding: 1rem; outline-offset: 0.5rem; >
Result
Specifications
Specification
CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3
# propdef-border
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
See also
- border-width
- border-style
- border-color
- outline
- Backgrounds and borders
- Learn CSS: Backgrounds and borders
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This page was last modified on Aug 14, 2023 by MDN contributors.
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